IAEA board refers Iran to UN Security Council

Key takeaways by Insider Paper

IAEA board voted to refer Iran to the UN Security Council over continued nuclear non-compliance.
Resolution adopted with 23 in favour, three against and eight abstentions, but seen as largely symbolic because Russia and China can veto sanctions.
IAEA has been denied access to key Iranian nuclear sites since June 2025 strikes, raising urgent proliferation concerns and urging Tehran to cooperate.

The IAEA board of governors on Wednesday voted to refer Iran to the UN Security Council over its nuclear “non-compliance” in a diplomatic move to pile pressure on the Islamic republic.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has not had access to key nuclear facilities in Iran since Israel, joined by the United States, launched a 12-day conflict in June 2025 that included strikes on nuclear sites.

Nuclear facilities have also been hit in the latest war, which erupted on February 28, and the IAEA has repeatedly urged to be given access.

The resolution, seen by AFP, was adopted by 23 votes in favour, three votes against and eight abstentions, two diplomats told AFP. Russia, China and Niger voted against it.

It “requests the (IAEA) director general to report” Iran to the Security Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations.

The resolution, submitted by Britain, France, Germany and the United States, marks the first time Iran has been referred to the Security Council in 20 years for failing to comply with its nuclear reporting obligations.

The move is seen as largely symbolic as Iran allies China and Russia hold power to veto any sanctions against Tehran.

‘Counterproductive’

Iran condemned the resolution, saying it would “not bring any results”.

“This resolution was passed under political pressure from the US and its allies and in our view has no basis,” Iran’s representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Reza Najafi, told state television.

He also told AFP that the resolution was “completely counterproductive”.

The text notes “with grave concern… Iran’s continued non-compliance with its obligations” and “reiterates its call upon Iran to urgently remedy its non-compliance”.

It also calls on Tehran “to engage seriously and without preconditions in talks aimed at building international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear programme”.

The IAEA has repeatedly said that its lack of information and access poses a “proliferation concern” and has called on Iran to address this with “utmost urgency”.

IAEA head Rafael Grossi on Monday said giving the Vienna-based UN nuclear agency access to key nuclear facilities in Iran would have “positive repercussions” for the Islamic republic.

‘Exercise in futility’

Before the June 2025 strikes, the IAEA calculated that Iran possessed approximately 440 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60 percent, which is close to the 90 percent needed to make a bomb and well above the 3.67-percent limit set by a 2015 now-defunct agreement with Iran.

Since June 2025, the fate of this stockpile has remained uncertain.

Israel and the United States have long accused Iran of wanting to build a nuclear weapon.

Tehran has repeatedly denied having any military nuclear ambitions, insisting on its right to the technology for civilian purposes.

Ali Vaez, of the International Crisis Group, told AFP that “some see it (the resolution) as an opportunity to add legal pressure to economic strangulation and naval blockade to turn the screws on Iran”.

“Ultimately, though, it is an exercise in futility,” he added, with Russia and China “likely to ensure that Western pressure hits a wall at the Security Council”.