Britain slid into recession last year on elevated inflation and a cost-of-living crisis, official data showed Thursday, dealing a blow to Prime Minister Rishi Sunak before this year’s general election.
Gross domestic product shrank 0.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2023 after contracting 0.1 percent in the prior three months, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said in a statement.
That places the economy in recession, which is defined as two successive quarters of falling GDP.
The ONS noted that all main sectors shrank in the fourth quarter — with manufacturing, construction and wholesale being the biggest drags on growth — but added the economy was broadly flat overall in 2023.
Sunak, whose governing Conservatives are trailing Keir Starmer’s main opposition Labour Party ahead of the election due this year, has pledged to grow the economy as one of his top five priorities.
News of the recession comes as voters go to the polls in two by-elections on Thursday, with the Conservatives fearful of losing one-time strongholds in Wellingborough, central England, and Kingswood in the southwest.
“The news that the UK slipped into technical recession in 2023, will be a blow for the prime minister on a day when he faces the prospect of losing two by-elections,” said Capital Economics analyst Ruth Gregory.
“But this recession is as mild as they come and timely indicators suggest it is already nearing an end.”
Finance minister Jeremy Hunt noted that stubborn inflation and high interest rates were behind the output fall — but insisted the economy was “turning a corner”.
“While interest rates are high — so the Bank of England can bring inflation down — low growth is not a surprise.
“But there are signs the British economy is turning a corner; forecasters agree that growth will strengthen over the next few years, wages are rising faster than prices, mortgage rates are down and unemployment remains low.
“Although times are still tough for many families, we must stick to the plan — cutting taxes on work and business to build a stronger economy.”
Confirmation of the recession comes one day after separate official data showed that UK inflation held at 4.0 percent in January from December, or double the Bank of England’s target rate.
The January reading was better than market expectations of an increase to 4.2 percent, but inflation nevertheless remains elevated, extending a cost-of-living crisis for millions of people in Britain.
Hunt added that bringing down elevated inflation remained the government’s “top” goal.
“High inflation is the single biggest barrier to growth which is why halving it has been our top priority,” he said.
But Labour slammed the government’s stewardship of the economy, adding that Sunak’s vow to deliver growth was in “tatters”.
“The prime minister can no longer credibly claim that his plan is working or that he has turned the corner on more than 14 years of economic decline under the Conservatives that has left Britain worse off,” said Labour finance spokeswoman Rachel Reeves.
“This is Rishi Sunak’s recession and the news will be deeply worrying for families and business across Britain.”
The BoE’s main interest rate sits at a 16-year high of 5.25 percent, as it seeks to bring inflation back to its 2.0-percent target.
However, rising interest rates also ramp up loan costs for individuals and businesses, further worsening the nation’s cost-of-living crunch.
Yet annual UK inflation has tumbled since striking a 41-year peak of 11.1 percent in October 2022.
Global inflation soared as the invasion of Ukraine by major oil and gas producer Russia two years ago sent energy prices rocketing.
In response, the world’s major central banks helped to cool inflation by hiking borrowing costs.
